英语句子种类与类型

句子在结构上分为三类：（一个主谓结构） 简单句 （and、but、so等） 并列句 （主句和从句） 复合句1. I like apples.2. We go to the same schooland we love soocer.3. The teacher says it is useful.A. 并列句 B. 简单句 C. 复合句Simple Sentences 简单句I、简单句（按交际用途分）陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、 感叹句、there be存在句1、陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个看法。肯定句和否定句。肯定句如何变为否定句？肯定句 变 否定句? 先观察句子中有没有be am is are 动词. 如果有，在be动词后面加not.? Tom and Jim are friends. Tom and Jim are not friends.肯定句 变 否定句2. 观察句子中有没有情态动词（canmust等）. 如果有，在情态动词后面加not.? I can play soccer. I can not play soccer.肯定句 变 否定句3. 观察句子中有没有实义动词.如果有，在实义动词的基础上提取助动词dont或doesnt, 实义动词变原形.? I like music.I dont like music. ? He likes music.He doesnt like music.肯定句 变 否定句4. 如果句子中有some, 要改为any. 如果句子中有and, 要改为or.? I can sing and dance. I can not sing or dance.? He has some interesting stories. He doesnt have any interesting stories.肯定句如何变为否定句？1. be 2. 情态动词 3. 实义动词 4. some 和 andExercise 按要求改写句子1. You can use this dictionary and that pen.（改为否定句） You cant use this dictionary or that pen.2. Her mother isnt a teacher.（改为肯定句） Her mother is a teacher.3. He goes to school at seven in the morning.（改为否定句）He doesnt go to school at seven in the morning.2、疑问句 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句1）一般疑问句是疑问句的一种。 它是以be 动词、情态动词、助动词开头，用yes或no 来回答的句子。一般疑问句的改写一调，二改，三问号一般疑问句的改写 一调1. 含有be动词的一般疑问句，通常是把be动词调到句首。They are in the classroom. Are they in the classroom?2. 含有情态动词canmust...的一般疑问句，把情态动词调 到句首。He can play football.Can he play football?3. 含有实义动词havelike...的一般疑问句，提取助动词调到句首，实义动词用原形。Amy speaks English.Does Amy speak English?一般疑问句的改写 二改1. 第一人称改成第二人称。即：Iwe 改成you 2. 句中some 改为 any ; and 改为 or。三问号 最后加“？”Exercise 按要求改写句子1. You can use this dictionary and that pen.（改为一般疑问句） Can you use this dictionary or that pen?2. Her mother is a teacher.（改为一般疑问句） Is her mother a teacher.3. He goes to school at seven in the morning.（改为一般疑问句）Does he go to school at seven in the morning.一般疑问句的回答1. 含有be动词的一般疑问句，用be动词来回答。Is Mary your sister?Yes, she is? No, she isnt.2. 含有情态动词canmust...的一般疑问句，用情态动词来回答。 Can I come in?Yes, you can? No, you cant.3. 含有实义动词havelike...的一般疑问句，用助动词do或does来回答。Does he like English?Yes, he does? No, he doesnt.答语的主语要看问句的主语 Exercise 易错题your name Black?A. Are; it is B. Are; I amC. Is; it isD. Is; it isnt2. Is this your ruler? No, D . Its hers.A. it isB. this isntC. this isD. it isnt3. Are those Tom and Jim? Yes, A . A. they are B. those are C. they arent D. those arent.4. Are you Helen?A. Yes, I am. B. Yes, you are. C. Yes, she is. D. Yes, he is.2）特殊疑问句是疑问句的一种。 它是特殊疑问who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how 等开头的句子。特殊疑问句的结构（1）对主语或主语的修饰语提问，用特殊疑问词代替 提问内容。对主语提问The apple is on the table.What is on the table?My books are on the table. Whose books are on the table?对主语的修饰语提问（2）对其他部分提问： 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句The apple is on the table.Where is the apple?My books are on the table. Where are your books?回答不能用yes 或no，而应根据实际情况回答，可以 用完整句子来回答，也可根据选项部分用一个短语来回答。3）选择疑问句1以一般疑问句为基础Can you sing or dance?I can sing. 或 I can dance.Sing. 或 Dance.2以特殊疑问句为基础What color do you like, red or white?I like red. 或 I like white.Red. 或 White.3、祈使句表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形开头。1. Let me get it. 2. Spell it. 3. Come and show us.祈使句的否定? 一般来说，在句首加Dont① 当祈使句表示邀请或建议Let’s… 时，则在Let’s 与 do之间加not。1. Lets get it. 2. Spell it. 3. Come and show us.Lets not get it. Dont spell it. Dont come and show us.4、 THERE BE存在句一、there be 句型1、 定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。2、结构：1 There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语. 2 There are +复数名词+地点状语.就近 注意：there be 句型的当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟 它最近的那个名词一致。如：① There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。 ② There is a teacher and many students in ourclassroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。 ③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。