英语句子种类与类型整理

English GrammarSentence II浙江宁波华茂外国语学校 薛洪波英语句子种类与类型I、句子种类（按交际用途分）陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、THERE BE存在句II、句子类型（按句子结构分）简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句提 纲I、句子种类（按交际用途分）陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、THERE BE存在句1、陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，位于在后。She arrived early.She cannot have arrived now.注：1）半否定句Ihardlyknow anything about it.2）部分否定句与全否定句I don’t like both the films.I like neither Cathy nor Mary.3否定转移I don’t think it will be very cold today.believe, expect, suppose,imagineI、句子种类2、疑问句 有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句。I、句子种类1）一般疑问句用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或no，注意语序。Have youanythingto say?Didsomeonephone me last night?Can’tyou understand it?Isn’tit a beautiful lake? Haven’t you been to the UK? No, I haven’t.2）特殊疑问句疑问词有who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how等。I、句子种类（1）陈述语序Who was the first man in space?（2）倒装语序Who are you talking about?注：A、简略式Why not go alone? Why get so angry?How/What about taking a rest?B、复杂特殊疑问句Whatdo youthinkhe hasdone?I、句子种类3）选择疑问句1以一般疑问句为基础Is he a teacherora doctorora policeman?Shall I help youorcan you manage?2以特殊疑问句为基础Which do you prefer, red wineorwhite?How shall we go there? By busorby train?I、句子种类4）反义疑问句问：+， ？或 ，+？答：+，+. 或 ， .1.Tom hardly knows French, ?2.—Marydidnt fail her exam, did she? , shedidn‘t.3.You needn’t come, you?You need to come, you?4.He had a big time there, he?He had a car, he?We hardly have to get up early, we?5.He used to live in Leeds, he?6.Let’s go to the match at once, we?Leave me alone, you?7.They have been learning to drive, they?8.No one was hurt, ?9.There is no doubt about it, ?10.Anna hasn’t got to go to school on Sunday, she?I、句子种类4）反义疑问句3、祈使句表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形。I、句子种类1）带第二人称的祈使句Be quiet, please. Don’t make any noise!Youcall a taxi. Don’tyouforget it.强调Give me a hand, will/won’t/would/wouldn’ you?2）带第一、三人称的祈使句Let me try again. Let’s go. Let us go.Let’s not say anything about it./Don’t let’s say…Let him be here by 10 o’clock.I、句子种类3、祈使句注意：1、加强语气Do be careful of my broken leg.Do let me have another try.2 、祈使句的省略式A:Shall I open the window?B:Yes, pleasedo./ No, pleasedon’t.A:Shall we watch the game?B:Yes,let’s.4、感叹句由what或how引导的，表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等。I、句子种类What a cute baby it is!What fine weather we have today!What a good time we had last night!How foolish she is!How clearly you speak!How clever a boy he is!*************What a dirty room, ?What interesting films, ?I、句子种类5、THERE BE存在句There is a clock on the table.Once there lived a king called Lear.There goes the bell!Here come the bus. Here he comes.There used to be a village at the foot of the mountain.There is certain to be a heavy rain tonight.There seems to be some misunderstanding.There is a baby crying in the next door.There being no bus, we had to walk home.II、句子类型（按句子结构分）简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句二、句子类型1、简单句只包含一个主谓结构，个个成分都是单词或短语的句子。All roads lead to Rome.He got up, dressed quickly, washed himself and went out.Is he a superman?Don’t be shy. Have a try.The man dressed in black seems to be a spy.二、句子类型2、并列句包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，分句由并列连词and,then,but,or,or else,so,for,while,when;both…and,either…or,neither…nor,not only…,but also,as well as等来连接。He is a basketball fan,andhis wife is a volleyball fan.Honey is sweet,butthe bee stings.Don’t be late,forthere is a meeting.Hurry up,oryou’llbe late.He works hardwhilehis brother is a lazy bone.He was enjoying his KFCwhena friend came.二、句子类型3、复合句复合句的某个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等，由另一个句子承当。（1）名词性从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句统称为名词性从句。宾语从句注意事项：引导词、语序、时态呼应、语态。主语/表语/同位从句注意事项：引导词、语序、语态。注意：1、whether与if的区别；2、陈述句变来的名词性从句由什么引导。那么，一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、感叹句变来的呢？二、句子类型3、复合句（2）定语从句=先行词+引导词+其它。引导词的选用取决于：1）先行词；2）先行词的修饰语；3）引导词在定语 从句中的成分。注意：定语从句中的主谓一致；3、复合句3状语从句 即用作状语的分句,可作下列状语：1、时间（after,before,as,when,while,since,till,until,whenever,as long as,as soon as;the moment,every time,next time;no sooner…than,hardly…when）；2、地点（where,wherever） ；3、方式（as,as if,as though） ；4、程度（as…as, more than,so…that,such…that） ；二 学科网每份资料都启用了数字版权保护，仅限个人学习研究使用。任何分享、转载行为都会导致账号被封，情节严重者，追究法律责任！