2016考研英语：难点语法

（一）否定词或具有（半）否定意义的词或词组置于句首作状语

如：never， scarcely， hardly， rarely， seldom， little， no sooner...than， hardly...when，scarcely...when (before)， not only， in no case (in no way， at no time， on no account， by no means，under no circumstances，in no respects)（决不，在任何情况下都不）， no longer/no more （不再）。

例句： Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. (2005年第46题)

分析： 该句是复合句，and前是一复合句，定语从句by which...修饰the means，后一分句中never置于句首引起倒装。

译文： 电视是制造和表达这些情绪的方式之一，在加强不同民族和国家之间的联系方面，电视也许还从来没有像在欧洲事务中那样起过如此大的作用。

（二）only+副词／介词短语／状语从句（句首状语由only修饰）

例句： Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. (选自2004年Part B)

分析： 该句是复合句，that were very different from their own是修饰languages的定语从句。

译文： 直到最近，语言学家才开始认真研究与他们自己所掌握的完全不同的语言。

例句： Only gradually was the byproduct of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.

（2009年第47题）

分析： 该句是由and连接的两个并列简单句，两个分句都是以only开头的倒装句，在前一分句中，主干部分是the byproduct of the institution was noted， only gradually修饰noted；在后一分句中，主干是this effect was considered...， 其中only more gradually修饰considered, as a directive factor作主语this effect的补足语，介词短语in the conduct of the institution作directive factor的后置定语。

译文： 人们只是逐渐地认识到制度这一副产品，而在运行这种制度的过程中，认识到这种效果具有指导性作用的时间则更加缓慢。