2019中考初三英语语法知识点:人称代词主格与宾格
句子大全 2014-07-28 13:58:06
顾名思义,主格(The nominative case)用作主语,宾格(The objective case)用作宾语,所有格(The possessive case)则表示所有之物。
在实际运用中,主格和宾格代词有时会混淆。下面是常见的问题: ⒈在复合结构里,人称代词的主格和宾格在单独使用时,没有问题,如很少人会犯下这样的错误: *(1)Wilcox spoke to I. *(2)Her knew what had happened. 但在复合结构中,错误就难免了,如: *(3)Wilcox spoke to my friend and I. *(4)He and her knew what had happened. *(5)This is between you and he. 这种错误是可避免的。第一,在有介词的复合结构中,特别要注意,第二个人称代词,必须用宾语,如: for you and me 和 between Maria and him .第二,试把复合结构中的另一部分暂时用括号围起来,那么该用的格就容易辨别了,如: (6)This message is for (My father and) I or me. (7)(Marry and) he or him went downtown together. 显然的,(5)里的代词是宾格的 me , (6)里的代词是主格的 he . ⒉在比较结构里,连接词 as 或 than 后面,按理用主格式,但在口语中,人们常用宾格形式,学美式英语者,更是如此: (8)a. You did as well as she. b. You did as well as her. (9)a. I am older than he. b. I am older than him. (a)和(b)两种说法,都可接受。但如果 as 和 than 后头分句的主语和词动都要完整出现的话,这时的人称代词,就必须是主格,如下: (10)You did as well as she did. (11)I am older than he is . 此外,还有一点要注意,就是 as 和 than 后面虽然在语法上用主格好,用宾格也可,但是有时意思会有所不同。试比较(a)和(b): (12)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I. b. Jason praised Maria more highly than me. (12)a和b都被接受,但(12)a等于(13)a,而(12)b等于(13)B: (13)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I did (= I praised Maria). b. Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me. 显然,这两句的深层意思大有差别。遇到这种情形,为了避免误解,不妨根据要表达的意思用完整的句式表达出来。换句话说,必要的话,要用(13)这句子。 不然,把(13)a变成(14), (13)b变成(15)也可: (14)I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did. (15)Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria.阅读剩余内容