2019何凯文考研英语每日一句113
3. pay off 还清
4. library debt= library fine （所谓“图书馆的债”=“图书馆的罚款”，你如果不知道这个同义替换，我同情你。这是图书馆语境下的习惯用法，记住就好。）
5. alternative way 其他的方式
切分：
1.Had Sergio’s book been stolen a year ago,
Had 置于句首就应该考虑是虚拟语气中if 被省略，were 和had 被提前，先做还原：
If Sergio’s book had been stolen a year ago,
如果Sergio的书是在一年前被偷得，
2.he would have had to wait /to be allowed to check out any other books /until he came up with enough money to pay off his library debt.
那他就不得不等到攒够了钱还清了图书馆的罚款以后，才能从图书馆借出其他的书。
参考译文：如果Sergio的书是在一年前被偷得，那他就不得不等到攒够了钱还清了图书馆的罚款以后，才能从图书馆借出其他的书。
思考题:
People now have the alternative way to use library without paying off the library fine.
现在人们即使没有付清图书馆的罚款也有其他办法使用图书馆。
这就是由于虚拟语气引起的正话反说。
所以这个思考题的表达是正确的。
再举例：
原文：如果他是一年前患上的这种病，医生是没办法救治他的。
选项：现在医生有办法救治这种疾病的患者。（对的！）
（懂了吧！）
说说今天这篇文章的背景呗。美国南加州的公共图书馆为了鼓励更多的民众使用图书馆并培养良好的阅读习惯，推出了一系列的鼓励措施。图书馆发现有好多市民借了一本书，由于种种原因没有及时归还或者把这本给搞丢了，他们又不愿意支付罚金，于是就只能是不再使用图书馆。于是图书馆允许民众以阅读打卡记小时数的形式来偿还之前欠下的罚款。这样一来就能让更多的人走进图书馆，毕竟图书馆的意义就是为民众开智的。真心觉得这个措施很暖心。我记得我们读书的时候欠下的图书馆的罚金是可以用劳动小时的方式来抵消的。我一个学期我记得我劳动了整整三个下午，才把滞纳金给交清。图书馆滞纳金在英语中也用library fine 或者library debt 来表达。
再来熟悉一下这种句式的句子吧：
The standard tests do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.（听语音！）
何凯文考研英语每日一句 第114句
昨天的句子：(这是1995年考研英语翻译的真题，是不是很厉害！)
The standard tests do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
词汇突破:
1.compensate for 弥补
2. gross social inequality 整体社会不公
3. an underprivileged youngster 一个出身普通的年轻人（贫穷，草根）
4. favorable circumstances 优越环境
切分：
1.The standard tests do not compensate for gross social inequality,
2.and thus do not tell
3.how able an underprivileged youngster might have been
还原：an underprivileged youngster might have been how able
3.had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
还原：If he had grown up under more favorable circumstances
参考译文：
标准化测试并不能弥补社会的总体不公，所以也就不能告知一个出身普通的年轻人如果在更有利的环境下成长起来，他能有多能干。
今天的句子：
New Zealand is showing that no doors are closed to women, that having a baby while being prime minister can be managed, and that it’s acceptable for male partners to be full-time carers.
思考题：
New Zealand is trying to open doors for women to have a baby with male partners.
词汇突破：
1.prime minister：总理
2. full-time carers 全职的看孩子的人
切分：
1.New Zealand is showing
2. that no doors are closed to women,
3.that having a baby while being prime minister can be managed,
4.and that it’s acceptable for male partners to be full-time carers.
参考译文：新西兰的情况表明，没有那扇门是对女性关上的， 在当总理期间生育孩子也是可以的，男性伴侣做全职保姆也是可以的。
思考题：
New Zealand is trying to open doors for women to have a baby with male partners.
新西兰尝试着为妇女和她们的男伴要一个宝宝打开一扇门。（不对！）
（这个说法准确的讲在这个句子中是没有对应的。）
原文只说了：
新西兰的情况表明没有那扇门是对女性关上的。
并没有说：新西兰尝试着为妇女和她们的男伴要一个宝宝打开一扇门。
因为这样说的言下之意就是：曾经的门是关上的。或者没有门；
而原文并没有这个意思。
所以这个说法是不对。
我其实只是想胡乱的拼凑一个选项出来。
没曾想拼着拼着还有了几分道理的感觉，但是确实没有依据。
为难大家了，我在这里给大家道歉。
我也很同情出题人。不容易啊！我们互相抱抱吧!
何凯文考研英语每日一句 第115句
昨天的句子：
有一个单词把大家给为难住了：
Manage=handle=cope with
这样就释怀了吧！
Having a baby while being prime minister can be managed.
(当总理的同时要孩子，这样的事情是可以应对的。)
= 在当总理期间生育孩子也是可以的。
送大家一句话：
We don’t translate sentence.
We translate the sense that sentence makes.
另外昨天的三个that 是showing 后的三个宾语从句的that;
今天的句子：
Child development is relational, which is why, in one experiment, nine-month-old babies who received a few hours of language instruction from a live human could isolate specific phonetic elements in the language while another group of babies who received the exact same instruction via video could not.
词汇突破：
1.relational 关联性的
2. language instruction 语言教学
3. isolate specific phonetic elements 区分音素
4. via video 通过视频
思考题：
Human instruction is more efficient than video one for Child development.
切分：
1.Child development is relational,
2.which is why, in one experiment, nine-month-old babies who received a few hours of language instruction from a live human could isolate specific phonetic elements in the language
3.while another group of babies who received the exact same instruction via video could not.
参考译文：儿童发育是一种关系性的（连接），这就是为什么在一项实验中，接受真人几个小时语言教学指导的九个月大的婴儿能够将语言中的特定音素区分出来，而另一组通过视频接受同样教学的婴儿则不能。
Human instruction is more efficient than video one for Child development.
对于孩子的发展而言，人类的教学要比视频更有效率。
（这个思考题是正确的。）
最近国外期刊中用的比较多个一个词就是：connection（连接）
这个词把人和人之间的关系表述很清楚了。
对，就是一种连接。这种连接是其他非生命体无法替代的。所以这篇文章就在告诫父母们不只是不要让孩子多看手机，自己更是不要再照顾孩子的时候看手机。
何凯文考研英语每日一句 第116句
今天的文章来自时代周刊五月号的内容，标题是：My generation was supposed to level America’s playing field. Instead, we rigged it for ourselves我们这代本应让美国的竞争环境更公正，相反我们却操纵它为自己牟利 文章开头谈到了在美国奇迹依然每天都在出现，在实验室、在一流大学的校园、在研发机器人和医疗诊断软件的企业办公室，和在新公民骄傲宣誓的欢乐仪式上。美国看起来还是那个美国。但是很多指标却反映出这个国家的国民对于国家的信心却创下了历史新低。
今天的句子：
Yet key measures of the nation’s public engagement, satisfaction and confidence—voter turnout, knowledge of public-policy issues, faith that the next generation will fare better than the current one, and respect for basic institutions, especially the government—are far below what they were 50 years ago, and in many cases have reached near historic lows.
思考题一：
The knowledge of public-policy issues is one of key measures for nation’s confidence.
思考题二：
key measures show the next generation will better than the today one
思考题三：
The nation’s public confidence somehow has reached near historic lows.
词汇突破：
1.public engagement 公众参与度
2. public satisfaction and confidence 公众满意度和公众信任度
3. voter turnout 选民投票率
4. knowledge of public-policy issues 对公共政策的了解 (注意：这里的knowledge是表示了解的意思)
5. faith that the next generation will fare better than the current one（相信）下一代会过的比这一代好的信念
切分 (今天的考点就是同位语)：
1.Yet key measures of the nation’s public engagement, satisfaction and confidence are far below what they were 50 years ago,
但衡量这个国家的公众参与、公众满意度和公众信任度的关键指标远低于50年前
2. —voter turnout, knowledge of public-policy issues, faith that the next generation will fare better than the current one, and respect for basic institutions, especially the government— （同位语）
——选民投票率、对公共政策的了解、下一代会过的比这一代好的信念、对基本制度（尤其是政府）的尊重——
3. and in many cases have reached near historic lows.
而且在很多情形看来已经达到历史低点。
参考译文：但衡量这个国家的公众参与、公众满意度和公众信任度的关键指标——选民投票率、对公共政策的了解、下一代会过的比这一代好的信念、对基本制度（尤其是政府）的尊重——远低于50年前，而且在很多情形看来已经达到历史低点。
思考题一：
The knowledge of public-policy issues is one of key measures for nation’s confidence.
这个说法是正确的！同位语就表明这个就是指标之一。
思考题二：
key measures show the next generation will better than the today one
这个说法是错误的！这是胡乱拼凑的一个选项。
思考题三：
The nation’s public confidence somehow has reached near historic lows.
这个说法是正确的！
Somehow= in many cases
重点来了！
何凯文考研英语每日一句 第117句
今天的句子：
A seasoned psychiatrist, Heilig joined the National Institutes of Health in 2004 with grand ambitions of finding new ways to treat addiction and alcoholism. “It was the age of the neuroscience revolution, and all this new tech that gave us many ways of manipulating animal brains,” he recalls. By studying addictive behavior in laboratory rats and mice, he would pinpoint crucial genes, molecules, and brain regions that could be targeted to curtail the equivalent behaviors in people.
思考题：
According to the text, the reason why Heilig studies the behavior of rats is that______ .
(A) he is a skilled psychiatrist with the help of National Institutes of Health.
(B)the new tech of neuroscience enables us to manipulate animal brains
（C）the result of study is helpful for us to erase the addictive behaviors in people.
(D)he has found the addictive behavior in laboratory rats and mice
做题最关键是要先看题干，题干为什么就要坚决找什么！
According to the text, the reason why Heilig studies the behavior of rats is that______ .
Heilig研究老鼠行为的原因是________.
定位词就是behavior of rats
这样回到原文看句子：
第一句：（不是线索句，没有资格和选项进行比对）
A seasoned psychiatrist, Heilig joined the National Institutes of Health in 2004 with grand ambitions of finding new ways to treat addiction and alcoholism.
词汇突破：
1. seasoned 经验丰富的
2. addiction and alcoholism ；addiction一般不明确说是什么上瘾那就是（毒瘾）alcoholism（酒瘾）
3. with grand ambitions 雄心勃勃的
切分：
1.A seasoned psychiatrist, Heilig joined the National Institutes of Health in 2004
2.with grand ambitions of finding new ways to treat addiction and alcoholism.
参考译文：作为一名经验丰富的精神病学家，Heilig于2004年加入了美国国立卫生研究院，雄心勃勃地寻求治疗毒瘾和酒瘾的新方法。
(A) he is a skilled psychiatrist with the help of National Institutes of Health.
这个选项看上去和第一句有关，但是和题干没有关系啊！
所以首先就是定位错误！A选项就不是问题要找的原因！排除！
第二句：
“It was the age of the neuroscience revolution, and all this new tech that gave us many ways of manipulating animal brains,” he recalls.
词汇突破：
1.the neuroscience revolution 神经科学革命
2. manipulating animal brains 操控动物大脑
切分：
去掉强调句格式:
1. the age of the neuroscience revolution, and all this new tech gave us many ways of manipulating animal brains
2.he recalls.
参考译文： “正是是神经科学革命的时代，所有这些新技术给了我们操纵动物大脑的多种方式，”他回忆说。
(B)the new tech of neuroscience enables us to manipulate animal brains
这个选项看上去和这个句子有关，但是这个句子不是线索句啊！这个选项也不是题干要找的原因！排除！
第三句：（线索句：有资格和选项进行比对的句子！）
By studying addictive behavior in laboratory rats and mice, he would pinpoint crucial genes, molecules, and brain regions that could be targeted to curtail the equivalent behaviors in people.
词汇突破：
1.rats and mice ：实验鼠和小鼠
2. pinpoint：确定
3. crucial genes, molecules, and brain regions：关键的基因、分子和大脑区域
4. curtail 限制
5. equivalent behaviors 等效行为
切分：
1.By studying addictive behavior in laboratory rats and mice,
研究了实验鼠和小鼠中研究成瘾行为
2.he would pinpoint crucial genes, molecules, and brain regions that could be targeted to curtail the equivalent behaviors in people.
他可以确定关键的基因、分子和大脑区域，以限制人们的等效行为（各种瘾）。
重要思路：
既然题干认为1是结果，那么2就是原因！
真题链接1：
题干：
Washington’s decision to free slaves originated from his________
原文：
Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.
切分：
1. Washington overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.
2.who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War
题干认为1 是结果，那么原因就是2.
真题链接2：
题干：
As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have_______
原文：
For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.
切分:
1. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model,
2. with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.
题干认为1 是原因，那么2 就是结果。
回到本题：
he would pinpoint crucial genes, molecules, and brain regions that could be targeted to curtail the equivalent behaviors in people.
所以答案只能是C！
(D)he has found the addictive behavior in laboratory rats and mice
首先D和这个部分就不匹配！
再看：
（C）the result of study is helpful for us to erase the addictive behaviors in people.（完美替换！）
有人说我用erase 替换curtail不合适程度过深！
我就想呵呵了！你研究过多少真题？？？
我告诉你：这样做非常合适，这就是真题的套路！
真题链接1.
原文：
The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue.
答案：
The townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue
用deny来替换doubt ,深不深！！！
真题链接2 ：
原文：
The current state of affairs may have been encouraged by the lack of legal penalty for data leakage.
答案：
legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.
选项加了major！原文没有！程度深不深！！
记住了，这就是真题的套路：
先方向，后程度！
你可以有你的想法，但不要质疑我的专业！
何凯文考研英语每日一句 第118句
今天的句子：
剑桥大学的学者说她将不再在其中一所学院任教，因为她说，那里的porter (门卫)歧视了她。普里亚姆瓦达·戈帕尔博士说，国王学院的门卫因为她的种族而对她区别对待，少数族裔学生也受到了类似的歧视。
Reporting of cases seems to have varying levels of success. King’s itself has instigated unconscious bias training and has collected testimonials in response to complaints in the past. But in its statement on Gopal’s complaint, it denied that race played a part. I know of other colleges that have apologised to students but failed to acknowledge racism was a factor. Many students have expressed a lack of faith in the process, and have made no formal complaint at all when an incident has occurred.
思考题：
Why the author say that the complaints’ effects vary?
(A) King’s gives an attitude different from the past.
(B) racism is denied by the Gopal and other colleges.
(C) students have no confidence in the complaint.
(D) Colleges’ responses are different to some extent.
词汇突破：
1.varying 各不相同的
2. instigate 实施
3. unconscious bias training 无意识的歧视训练
（这里不能翻译为“歧视训练”而应该是反歧视训练）
我们可以看一下第二句和第三句的关系！
4. testimonial 证言
5. in response to 回应
6. apologized = apologised 道歉（英式和美式拼写的差别）
第一句：
Reporting of cases seems to have varying levels of success.
参考译文：投诉的效果看起来各不相同
第二句：
King’s itself has instigated unconscious bias training and has collected testimonials in response to complaints in the past.
参考译文：过去国王学院发起了无意识的反歧视训练，并且收集了证言作为对投诉的回应。（也就是说国王学院过去还是很注意反对种族歧视的。）
第三句:
But in its statement on Gopal’s complaint, it denied that race played a part.
参考译文：但在关于Gopal投诉的声明中，国王学院否认了种族在其中扮演的角色。（现在却不是那么重视反对种族歧视了。）
第四句：
I know of other colleges that have apologised to students but failed to acknowledge racism was a factor.
参考译文: 据我所知，还有一些大学曾向学生道歉，但却没有承认种族歧视是其中一个因素。
第五句：
Many students have expressed a lack of faith in the process, and have made no formal complaint at all when an incident has occurred.
切分：
1.Many students have expressed a lack of faith in the process,
2.and have made no formal complaint at all when an incident has occurred.
参考译文：许多学生表示对这一过程缺乏信心，并且在发生歧视事件时根本没有提出任何正式的投诉。
答案选D
Why the author say that the complaints’ effects vary?
为什么作者认为投诉的效果各不相同？（你题干都没有理解对吧！）
题干= Reporting of cases seems to have varying levels of success.
其中：complaints= Reporting of cases
effects vary= varying levels of success
五句话的关系如下图：
所以需要一个“归纳不推理的”同意替换
(A) King’s gives an attitude different from the past.
（表述正确，但不符合题干要求。）
(B) racism is denied by the Gopal and other colleges.
种族主义被Gopal和其他学院否定了。
（表述就不正确，Gopal没有否认！！！看清楚Gopal是被歧视的对象！）
(C) students have no confidence in the complaint.
（表述正确，但是不符合题干要求）
(D) Colleges’ responses are different to some extent.
从某种程度上讲，各个学院的反应不同。
正确！=归纳不推理！
真题链接：
Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan Co. may still be worth toasting.
54.Why can many people see“silver linings” to the economic slowdown?
[A] They would benefit in certain ways.
[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.
[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.
[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.
（04年第三篇文章）
句间关系图如下，你该怎么找答案？
何凯文考研英语每日一句 第119句
今天的句子：
For all our efforts to flatten, pile and stuff boxes into recycling bins, consumers aren’t that good at recycling cardboard. For years, they didn’t have to be. Many of the cardboard shipping boxes used to go to retail stores. Workers at your local Kmart, Sears or Target would load the flattened boxes into a machine that bound them into bales that the stores could resell for $74 or more a ton. Groceries and big-box stores recycled 90% to 100% of their cardboard.
思考题：
Consumers didn’t have to be good at recycling cardboard because____
A. they don’t have enough time and experience.
B. retail stores forbid them to take away cardboard box.
C. Grocery stores resell most of the cardboard boxes.
D. cleaning staff used to be responsible for recycling.
第一句：
For all our efforts to flatten, pile and stuff boxes into recycling bins, consumers aren’t that good at recycling cardboard.
参考译文：尽管我们努力想把纸板压平，堆放和塞进回收箱里，但消费者并不擅长回收纸板。
第二句:
For years, they didn’t have to be.
参考译文：多年来，他们不必如此。
第三句：
Many of the cardboard shipping boxes used to go to retail stores.
参考译文：过去许多纸板箱都回收去了零售商店。
第四句：线索句（有资格和选项进行比对的句子。）
Workers at your local Kmart, Sears or Target would load the flattened boxes into a machine that bound them into bales that the stores could resell for $74 or more a ton.
参考译文：工人在您当地的Kmart，西尔斯或塔吉特将把扁平的盒子装进一台机器里，机器把它们捆成捆，商店可以以每吨74美元或更高的价格转售。
第五句：线索句（有资格和选项进行比对的句子。）
Groceries and big-box stores recycled 90% to 100% of their cardboard.
参考译文：杂货店和大包装店回收了90%到100%的纸板。
思考题：
18. Consumers didn’t have to be good at recycling cardboard because____
消费者并不一定需要擅长回收纸板，因为
A. they don’t have enough time and experience.
（文章没有依据！）
记住不要给自己加戏！
文中没有任何依据表明消费者到底有没有时间和经验。
我们不生产答案，我们只做答案的搬运工！
B. retail stores forbid them to take away cardboard box.
零售商店禁止他们拿走纸盒。
（文章中没有依据！）
C. Grocery stores resell most of the cardboard boxes.
杂货店转售大部分的硬纸盒。
对应第四句或者第五句！（正确答案！）
D. cleaning staff used to be responsible for recycling.
清洁人员以前负责回收。