2022英语基础提升：20种常见的修辞手法

明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比，这种共性存在于人们的心里，而不是事物的自然属性。 标志词常用：like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等。 1. I wandered lonely as a stay dog. 我像一只流浪狗一样孤独地四处漂泊。 2. Einstein likes to put a cloak on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.爱因斯坦喜欢披着斗篷，就好像刚刚从童话故事中走出来。 2.metaphor 隐喻，暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻，是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物，通过比较形成。 1. Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.希望是顿美好的早餐，但却是一顿糟糕的晚餐。 2. Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.一些书需要被“浅尝辄止”地阅读，另一些需要被“狼吞虎咽”般地阅读很少一部分需要被“细嚼慢咽”地阅读。 3.metonymy 借喻，转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物，而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。 (1)以容器代替内容。 1)The kettle boils. 水开了。 2)The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着。 (2)以资料、工具代替事物的名称。 Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说。 (3)以作者代替作品。 a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 (4)以具体事物代替抽象概念。 I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱。 4.synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体，或用全体代替部分，或特殊代替一般。 (1)There are about 100 hands working in his factory. 他的厂里约有100名工人。 (2)He is the Newton of this century.他是本世纪的牛顿。 (3)The fox goes very well with your cap. 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配。 5.synesthesia 通感、联觉、移觉 这种修辞法是以视、听、触、嗅、味等感觉直接描写事物。 (1)The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice. 鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音。 (2)Taste the music of Mozart. 品尝Mozart的音乐。 6.personification 拟人 拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物。 (1)The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads. 夜晚温柔地平复着我们狂热的头脑。 (2)I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods. 我很开心，似乎听到了林中唱歌的鸟儿。 7.hyperbole 夸张 夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的。它可以加强语势，增加表达效果。 (1)I beg a thousand pardons. 我千百次地祈求宽恕 (2)Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.我爱你。你对我而言如同全世界，如同夜空中的星月一般圣洁。 (3)When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out. 当她听到这个噩耗，眼泪像绝了堤的洪水，滚落下来。 8.rhetorical repetition 叠言 这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中，将相同的结构，相同意义词组成句子重叠使用，以增强语气和力量。 (1)It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glorious man mdashmade destiny.它须用我们这些对于未来，对于人类以及人类自己创造的伟大命运具有信心的人的鲜血和汗水去创造。 (2)Because good technique in medicine and surgery means more quickly mdashcured patients, less pain, less discomfort, less death, less disease and less deformity.因为优良的医疗技术和外科手术意味着更快地治疗病人，更少痛苦，更少不安，更少死亡，更少疾病，和更少残废。