考研英语：翻译要诀之转换思维翻译法（结构转换）

结构转换着眼于句子成分的相互转换和基本句型的改变。句子成分的相互转换主要在主语与宾语，补语与表语，主语与定语，定语与状语，状语与主语之间进行。

句子成分的转换

1、非主语译成主语

经典例题: Since the invention of the transistor at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in1984，it has found its way into varied applications in the commercial，industrial and military fields.

参考译文: 自从1984年贝尔电话研究所发明晶体管以来，晶体管的种种应用已遍及商业、工业和军事各个领域。(状语译成主语)

经典例题: Television is different from radio in that it sends and receives pictures.

参考译文: 电视和无线电的不同点在于电视能收发图像。(表语译成主语)

经典例题: Matter is usually electrically neutral，that is，it has as many protons，as electrons.

参考译文: 物质通常是不带电的，就是说，它的质子和电子数量是相等的。(宾语译成主语)

2、非谓语译成谓语

经典例题: There is a need for improvement in your study habits.

参考译文: 你的学习习惯需要改进。(主语译成谓语)

3、非宾语译成宾语

经典例题: He is admired by everybody.

参考译文: 大家都很钦佩他。(主语译成宾语)

经典例题: Materials to be used for structural purpose are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental condition.

参考译文: 用于结构上的材料必须选择得使它们在周围环境条件下具有弹性。(状语译成宾语)

4、非状语译成状语

经典例题: He drew a deep breath.

参考译文: 他深深地吸了一口气。(定语译成状语)

经典例题: Pictures show him in the company of men like Churchill，Einstein and Gandhi.

参考译文: 在这些照片中我们可以看到他和邱吉尔、爱因斯坦、甘地这些人的交往。(主语译成状语)

基本句型的转化

1、简单句转换成复合句

经典例题: At the slightest improvement in my work they would show warm approval.

参考译文 我工作稍有进步，他们就热情肯定。

2、复合句转换成简单句

经典例题: This causes the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together.

参考译文: 这样就盖起了许多人聚居的高楼大厦。

无论是学习还是生活，做任何事情不能生搬硬套，适当的转换一下思维或许会更好。