怎么把英文句子 写得没那么冗长?
大家都说,写篇好的论文就是要讲好一个故事。
而讲好一个故事,应该集中于主人翁和他的行为。
对于一篇文章而言,主人公就是 研究的主题,行为就是怎么实现的,有什么结果和影响。而对于一个句子而言,主人翁就是句子的主语,行为就是 动词和动词的宾语。
因此怎么让长句子能写得清晰,而不那么冗长?有三个规则:
(1)很快切入主语:不用长的引导从句作为句子的开头。
(2)把主语、动词和宾语直接连接起来:主语和动词、动词和宾语之间不插入不必要的字。
(3)避免句子无规则延伸:不要让一个从句叠在另一个从句上。
(1)很快切入主语:不用长的引导从句作为句子的开头。
1、如果引导从句的 5、6个字以上,把它写得短一点,如:
Although older children are skeptical of people who have misled them previously, preschool children generally trust others.
可以改写成:
Unlike older children, preschool children generally trust people who have misled them previously.
2、将较长的引导从句移到句子末尾,如:
Because past research has been unable to determine whether a positive family is beneficial in the long term, we investigated this issue longitudinally.
可以改为:
We investigated this issue longitudinally because past research has been unable to determine whether a positive family is beneficial in the long term.
(2)把主语、动词和宾语直接连接起来:主语和动词、动词和宾语之间不插入不必要的字。如:
Some adults, due to attachment anxiety, are skeptical that spouses will support them in times of need.
可以改为:
Due to attachment anxiety, some adults are skeptical that spouses will support them in times of need.
(3)避免句子无规则延伸:不要让一个从句叠在另一个从句上。如:
Students with this paradigm typically find that people view members of their own group as friendly and kind but that out-group members are perceived to be hostile.
这呈现了比较时的无规则延伸:
1、在描述第一个比较对象的是主动语态(people view members of their own group);而在第二个比较对象时用的被动语态(out-group members are perceived )。
2、描述第一个比较对象的时候用的是全称(out-group members are perceived );描述第二个比较对象的时候用的是缩写形式(out-group members are perceived )。
3、在描述第一个对象的时候涉及了两个特征(friendly, kind),描述第二个比较对象的时候只涉及了一个(hostile)。
为了表意清楚,可以整合所有的对比:
Students with this paradigm typically find that people view in-group members as friendly and kindbut that they perceive out-group members as hostile and stingy.
再通过删除 that they perceive 来缩短句子:
Students with this paradigm typically find that people view in-group members as friendly and kind but out-group members as hostile and stingy.
如果真的有篇幅限制,可以使用一个特征词来形容:
Students with this paradigm typically find that people view in-group members as friendly but out-group members as hostile.
另外:分号是个很巧妙的符号,可以连接两个独立的句子,而且可以让读者了解到这两个句子从属于同一部分。
今日一句:
“我不知道什么叫爱情。我只知道,如果那张脸庞没有使你感觉到一种甜蜜的惆怅,一种依恋的哀愁,那你肯定还没有爱。”—— 《周国平散文精选》