SAT语法核心之标点符号
SAT 总分 >1500: 语法 > 350 分（错 5 题以内）
SAT 总分 >1400: 语法 > 330 分（错 8 题以内）
SAT 总分 >1300: 语法 > 300 分（错 12 题以内）
语法>350 分：4 篇文章用时 35 分钟，每篇文章可以在 7 分钟之内完成；剩余时间可以优先检查易错点：如标点符号、关联词和排序题。
语法>330 分：4 篇文章用时 35 分钟，第- ~篇和第二篇可以在 7 分到 8 分之间完成；后两篇 8 分半左右完成。
语法>300 分：4 篇文章用时 35 分钟，第一篇和第二篇可以用时 8 分钟；第三篇 9 分左右；最后一篇先挑擅长题目做，可以把排序和段落主旨题目放在最后做。
标点符号分类：逗号、分号、冒号、破折号、撇号用法
作用：逗号可用于分隔词、短语或者从句，不可用于分隔两个独立句子。SAT 中逗号用法如下：
1. 主语和谓语之间不使用逗号，但当在主语后使用有插入语对句子进行解释时，应使用双逗号将插入语隔开。
例如：Tina, a successful businesswoman and a young mother, inspired many mothers in the world to pursue both their careers and family happiness.
解析：该句子的主语是 Tina，谓语是 inspired, a successful businesswoman and a young mother 是同位语结构解释说明主语，故使用双逗号。
SAT 考题形式见例题：
例题 1: Helge Kragh. A science historian at Aarhus University in Denmark, agrees what the manuscript shows is that although by then he accepted the expansion of space, Einstein was unhappy with a Universe changing in time.
A. NO CHANGE
B. Helge Kragh a science historian at Aarhus University in Denmark,
C. Helge Kragh, a science historian at Aarhus University in Denmark
D. Helge Kragh, a science historian, at Aarhus University in Denmark
答案：A
解题思路：根据选项特征，判断此题考标点符号。主语：Helge Kragh；谓语：agrees，双逗号之间的 a… In Denmark 短语作同位语解释说明主语，用法正确；B, C, D 选项均缺少逗号；故此题选 A。
题目译文：丹麦奥胡斯大学的科学史学家赫尔奇。克劳也同意这种说法，该手稿表明，虽然爱因斯坦接受了拓展空间的理论，但是他并不满意宇宙随时变化的这种理论。
例题 2: These laws. They think could place bans on the rights of citizens.
A. NO CHANGE
B. laws they, think
C. Laws, they think,
D. Laws they think，
答案：C
解題思路: 根据选项特征，判断此题考标点符号。主语：these laws，谓语：could place，句子 they think 做插入语，主语和谓语之间要有两个逗号，A 选项错误；B, D 选项同 A 选项错误；C 选项正确，故此题选 C.
题目译文: 他们认为这些法律可能会限制公民的权利。
2. 副词类关联词（例如 however, thus 等）放在一个句子中间时，其前后都需要有逗号：但放在句首时，只需要在其后加一个逗号。
例如：His most prized time, however, will be spent quietly in his hometown.
SAT 考题形式见例题：
例题：The people with whom she did come in contact however. Had an enormous impact on her poetry.
A. NO CHANGE
B. Contact; however,
C. Contact, however
D. Contact, however,
答案：D
解题思路: 根据选项特征，判断此题考标点符号。主语：the people，谓语：had; however 作为副词放在句子中间，前后都要有逗号，A 选项缺逗号，错误；B 选项分号前后都不是完整句子，用法错误；C选项同 A 选项错误；D 选项 however 前后都有逗号，用法正确，故此题选 D.
题目译文: 然而，和她接触的人对她的诗歌产生了巨大的影响。
3. 并列连词 and, but, so, or, yet 用以连接两个独立句子时，连词前面要加逗号。此规则是逗号用法中的难点，同学们应予以重视。
例如：He likes traveling, and he has traveled to many places.
SAT 考题形式见例题：
例题：His intellectual sights were set on horizons farther than the still prejudicial post-Civil War Reconstructionist South and by 1884 he had decided to locate to Cleveland, Ohio.
A.NO CHANGE
B. South, and by 1884
C. South and, by 1884
D. South and by 1884,
答案：B
解题思路: 根据选项特征，判断此题考标点符号。第一个句子主语：his intellectual sights，谓语：were set, and 连接的并列句中主语：he, 谓语：had decided, and 前面需要加一个逗号，A 选项缺逗号，错| 误；B 选项 and 前面有逗号，用法正确；C, D 选项同 A 选项错误；故此题选 B.
题目译文: 他视野远要比那些持有偏见的南部战后重建者要深远得多，到1884 年，他决定搬到俄亥俄州的克利夫兰。
4. 并列连词 and, but, or, yet 用以并列两个词或者短语时，不使用逗号，形式如下：Aand 3; 当这些连词用于并列三个或三个以上词或者短语时，需要在各并列成分之间使用逗号，连词置于最后一个并列成分之前，形式如下：A, B, and C.
例如：
He promised to give me a pen and a ruler.
Her mother sells apples, peaches, and pears.
SAT 考题形式见例题：
例题 1: He rarely encountered racial discrimination, or prejudice, but on the contrary he was befriended and admired by many ordinary and prominent white Americans.
A. NOCHANGE
B. Racial discrimination or prejudice
C. Racial discrimination or, prejudice
D. Racial, discrimination or prejudice
答案：B
解题思路: 根据选项特征，判断此题考标点符号。主语：he，谓语：encountered; racial discrimination, or prejudice 两个名词短语并列作宾语，不需要加逗号，故 A 选项错误；B 选项正确；C, D 选项同 A 选项错误；故此题选 B.
题目译文：他很少遭遇到种族歧视或偏见，相反的是，他甚至和许多普通，白人以及有名望的白人做朋友并且受到他们的钦佩。
例题 2: Alexander Hamilton was the first United States Secretary of the Treasury, a Founding Father. Economist and political philosopher.
A. NO CHANGE
B. A Founding Father, economist, and
C. A Founding Father, economist, and
D. A Founding, Father, economist, and
答案：C
解题思路：根据选项特征，判断此题考标点符号。主语：Alexander Hamilton; 谓语：was; the first... Treasury, a Founding Father, economist 和 political philosopher 四个名词短语并列用 and 连接，and 前面缺逗号，故 A 选项错误；B 选项 a 后面多逗号，C 选项正确；D 选项，同 B 选项错误；故此题选项 C。
题目译文：亚历山大汉密尔顿是第一位美国财政部长、开国元勋、经济学家和政治哲学家。
5. 表目的的 to do 短语与其前部分之间不使用逗号，例如：The teacher encouraged the boy to speak in front of his classmates.
解析：主语：the teacher；谓语 encouraged; encouraged the boy to speak 是 encourage sb. To do 长短语，不需要在中间使用逗号。SAT 考题形式见例题：
例题：Encouraged to get involved by the leaders of environmental groups, in 1969- -at the age of 79- -Douglas founded. Friends of the Everglades to protest the construction of ajetportin the Big Cypress portion of the Everglades.
A. NO CHANGE
B. Founded Friends of the Everglades, to protest
C. Founded Friends of the Everglades to protest
D. Founded Friends, of the Everglades to protest
答案：C
解题思路：根据选项特征，判断此题考标点符号。Encouraged.. Of 短语作状语修饰主语，主语：Douglas；谓语：founded；宾语：Friends of the Everglades; to.. Everglades 短语作目的状语，固定短语之间不需要使用逗号，A 选项错误；B, D 选项同 A 选项错误；C 选项正确，故此题选 C.
题目译文：1969 年，79 岁的道格拉斯在环保组织领导人的鼓励下，成立“湿地之友”去抗议在大柏树沼泽地区建喷气机机场。
6. 当名词或名词短语与其后的非谓短语之间无逗号时，则非谓语短语作定语修饰其前面的名词或名词短语；若名词或名词短语与其后的非谓语之间有逗号时，则非谓短语作状语修饰该句主语。
例 1: I knew the man working in the bank.
例 2: I knew the man, working in the bank.
解析：例 1 中，主语：I；谓语：knew; working..Bank 短语作定语修饰 man. 例 2 中，主语：I；谓语：knew; working... Bank 短语作状语，分词 working的逻辑主语是句子的主语 1.
SAT 考题形式见例题：
例题：Daniels, however. Advises the opposite. Believing that“we need to help youth understand this is a very public forum, " and that profile photos should be selected on the basis of how well they represent your“identity" as opposed to your looks.
A. NO CHANGE
B. However, advises the opposite believing
C.Howeveradvises the opposite believing
D. However, advises, the opposite believing
答案：A
解题思路：根据选项特征，判断此题考标点符号。主语：Daniels，谓语：advises; believing that.. Looks 短语作状语修饰主语，故 believing前要使用逗号，A 选项正确，故此题选 A。题目译文然而，丹尼尔斯给出相反的建议，他认为“我们需要帮助青少年了解这是一个公共论坛”，头像的选择应基于如何表示你的“身份”，而不是表现你的外貌。
在 SAT 中，逗号用法的考察最多、最难、同时也最易错，所以同学们要牢牢掌握逗号用法，减少做题中的错误。