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中考必考语态一被动语态

好句子 2011-02-04 00:45:08
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1. When was it invented?

…was invented …句意为“某物被发明……”,是被动句式。例如:

The abacus was invented in the sixteenth century by the Chinese.

算盘在十六世纪由中国人发明的。

【拓展】

一般过去时的被动语态

1. 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。

2. 被动语态基本结构:be+及物动词的过去分词

被动语态中的be 是助动词,有人称、数和时态的变化。

被动语态的结构是:主语+be done(及物动词的过去分词),be是随人称和时态变化而变化的。

(1)一般现在时的被动语态:am/ is/ are done 例如:

The blackboard is cleaned by the students every class.

黑板每节课都被学生擦干净。

(2)一般过去时的被动语态:was/ were done例如:

The computer was invented last century.

电脑是上个世纪被发明的。

(3)一般将来时的被动语态:shall/will be done 例如:

A new school will be built in our village next year.

明年一所新的学校将在我们村庄建设。

(4)现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are being done 例如:

A sports meeting is being held in our school now.

运动会正在我们学校举行。

(5)现在完成时的被动语态:have/has been done 例如:

All of the work has been finished since I came here.

自从我来这里以来,所有的工作都已经完成。

(6)含有情态动词的被动语态:can/may/must/should be done 例如:

Your homework must be handed in after school.

你们的家庭作业必须在放学后交上。

(7)复合宾语的被动语态:原来的句子是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”,在变被动语态的时候只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语,宾语补足语变为被动语态的主语补足语。主动语态中宾语补足语是省掉to的不定式时,在被动语态中需要还原to。

They heard her sing an English song at the party.

他们在晚会上听到她唱了一首英语歌。

变为被动语态是:She was heard to sing an English song at the party.

2. But at that time, it wasn’t used widely.

sth. be used…是被动语态句式,表示“某物被使用……”。常用如下搭配:

(1)be used for 意思是“被用来做某事”,for是介词,它的后面用名词或者动名词作宾语。例如:

Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来割东西的。

(2)be used as意思是“被作为……使用”,as是介词,意思是“作为”。它强调被当作工具或者手段来使用。例如:

Our classroom is used as a reading-room.

我们的教室被用来当阅览室使用。

(3)be used by意思是“被……使用”,by后面跟人或者物,表示强调动作的使用者。

This radio is often used by my mother.

这台收音机经常被我的妈妈使用。

(4)be used to do something意思是“被用来做某事”,和be used for doing是同义词短语。

It is used for learning English.=It is used to learn English.

它是被用来学习英语的。

3. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was…

It is said that…是一个固定搭配的句型,it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的that从句。它的思是“据说……”。例如:

It is said that Mary is very happy in London. (主语从句)

= They say that Mary is very happy in London.(宾语从句)

据说玛丽在伦敦是非常幸福的。

【拓展】

另外类似的句型有:It is believed…(人们相信),It is reported that …(据报道),It is supposed that… (据猜测)。例如:

It is believed that on December 21st,1981, the first basketball game in history was played.

人们相信历史上首次篮球比赛是在1891年12月21日举行的。

It is supposed that there is no life on the moon.

据推测月球上是没有生命的。

It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.

据报道又有一颗卫星上天了。

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